What are Messier objects and how to observe them?

The Messier objects are a list of 110 celestial objects, compiled by the French astronomer Charles Messier in the 18th century. Messier created this list to avoid confusion between celestial objects that could be confused with comets, since at that time comet hunting was an important activity in astronomy.

Messier's list includes a variety of celestial objects, such as nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies. Many of these objects are visible with entry-level telescopes and are popular with sky watchers. Among the best-known Messier objects are the Orion Nebula (M42), the Hercules Cluster (M13) and the Andromeda Galaxy (M31).

This list is used today as an important reference for sky watchers, and many amateur astronomers enjoy searching for and observing Messier objects as part of their astronomical activities.

What are the most famous Messier objects?

Among the most famous Messier objects are some of the most spectacular stars easily observable from Earth. Here are some of the highlights:

1. M31 - Andromeda Galaxy: The closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way and visible to the naked eye in dark skies.

2. M42 - Orion Nebula: A diffuse nebula located in Orion's belt, visible to the naked eye and spectacular through telescopes.

3. M13 – Hercules Globular Cluster: A stunning globular star cluster in the constellation Hercules.

4. M45 - Pleiades: Also known as the "Seven Sisters", they are an open star cluster in the constellation of Taurus, visible to the naked eye.

5. M51 – Whirlpool Galaxy: A spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici, known for its swirling appearance.

6. M81 and M82 - Bode and Cigar Galaxies: These two galaxies are in the constellation Ursa Major and are often observed together due to their proximity in the sky.

7. M104 - Sombrero Galaxy: A spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo with a characteristic hat shape.

Important : the images of the Messier objects were taken by professionals from NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona/DSS/SST. We use them to serve as a reference and they are not visible with the same intensity/color through an amateur telescope.

What is the visible magnitude of the Messier objects?

The apparent magnitude of Messier objects varies widely, as this measurement is related to the apparent brightness of a celestial object as seen from Earth. Apparent magnitude is an inverse logarithmic scale, meaning that the lower the magnitude number, the brighter the object. For example, an object of magnitude 1 is brighter than an object of magnitude 2.

Some of the Messier objects are bright enough to be visible with the naked eye in dark skies, while others require telescopes to be properly observed. Here is a general idea of ​​the apparent magnitude of some notable Messier objects:

1. M31 - Andromeda Galaxy: Approximate apparent magnitude of 3.4, making it visible to the naked eye in dark skies.

2. M42 - Orion Nebula: Apparent magnitude around 4, visible to the naked eye and very bright through telescopes.

3. M13 - Hercules Globular Cluster: Apparent magnitude around 5.8, visible to the naked eye in dark skies and an impressive target in telescopes.

4. M45 - Pleiades: Apparent magnitude around 1.6, making them easily visible to the naked eye.

5. M51 - Whirlpool Galaxy: Apparent magnitude around 8.4, making it visible with amateur telescopes.

It is important to note that the visibility of these objects is also influenced by factors such as light pollution and atmospheric conditions. Additionally, some fainter objects on the Messier list may require larger aperture telescopes to be observed clearly.

Choose Your Telescope: A Guide for Beginners and Beyond

Selecting the right telescope is crucial to fully enjoy astronomical observation. Here are some recommendations for different experience levels:

For starters:

• Refractor Telescope (70mm aperture): Ideal for planetary and lunar observations, it provides an accessible introduction to the world of astronomy.

Recommendations for 70mm telescopes:

1. 70/400 Skyline Travel Telescope . The Levenhuk Skyline Travel 70 telescope is an excellent choice for travelers and outdoor enthusiasts. Thanks to the included backpack, you can transport your telescope anywhere.
2. 70/700 Sky-Watcher AZ2 Telescope . With an apparent magnitude limit of 11, many Messier objects are visible with this telescope, but it is not only that, its focal length of 700 mm (ratio f/10) is important for seeing fine details on the Moon (many craters) and planetary surfaces (Jupiter and Saturn).
3. AC 70/900 EQ-1 Telescope . This telescope provides more magnification than the 700mm refractor telescope, for your convenience it is sold with an equatorial mount. The mount of this type allows the rotation of the Earth to be compensated smoothly through the fine positioning controls. In addition, a motor can be purchased separately, so that the tracking of the object is carried out in an assisted manner.

For Intermediate Users:

• Reflector Telescope (114 to 150 mm aperture): Offers larger apertures at reasonable prices, ideal for exploring the Messier list.

• Catadioptric Telescope (Variable Aperture): Combines versatility with portability for a more advanced experience.

For Advanced Observers:

• Dobsonian Telescope (200mm aperture and up): Offers large apertures at affordable prices, ideal for experienced observers or demanding beginners.

• GoTo Telescope (Variable Aperture): Equipped with computerized systems, they facilitate the location and tracking of celestial objects, being ideal for those interested in automation. These systems can also be very useful for beginners, as GoTo systems can help quickly and accurately locate objects in the sky. One of the most sought after telescopes on the market is the Sky-Watcher Mak127 AZ-Go2 Telescope

Tips for Observation

1. Location: Look for dark places away from light pollution to get the best views.

2. Accessories: Eyepieces of different focal lengths and astronomical filters can improve the observing experience.

3. Continuous Learning: Use star maps and mobile applications to identify and understand the location of Messier objects.

4. Share the Experience: Join local astronomy clubs or participate in observing events to share your passion and learn from other enthusiasts.

Astronomical observation is an adventure that anyone can enjoy, from the casual observer to those passionate about the cosmos. With the Messier list as your guide and the right telescope in hand, you'll be ready to explore the mysteries of the night sky. Go ahead, look up and discover the universe!

Download full list of Messier objects